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Black corals (Antipatharia) are a group of deep water, tree-like corals related to sea anemones. They are also found in rare dark shallow water areas such as New Zealand's Milford Sound where they can be viewed from an underwater observatory or via SCUBA diving. They normally occur in the tropics. There are about 230 known species of Antipatharians in 42 genera.〔Tazioli, S., Bo, M., Boyer, M., Rotinsulu, H. & Bavestrello, G., 2007. Ecology of some common antipatharians from the Marine Park of Bunaken (North Sulawesi, Indonesia). Zoological Studies, 46, 227–241〕 Though black coral's living tissue is brilliantly colored, it takes its name from the distinctive black or dark brown color of its skeleton. Also unique to black coral are the tiny spines that cover the surface of the skeleton, the origin of the nickname little thorn coral. In the Hawaiian language, black coral is called ''‘ēkaha kū moana'' and is the official state gem of Hawaii. Black coral is listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). ==Families== Family Antipathidae * ''Allopathes'' * ''Antipathes'' Pallas, 1766 * ''Arachnopathes'' * ''Cirrhipathes'' de Blainville, 1830 * ''Hillopathes'' * ''Pteropathes'' * ''Schizopathes'' * ''Stichopathes'' * ''Tylopathes'' Family Aphanipathidae * ''Acanthopathes'' * ''Aphanipathes'' Brook, 1889 * ''Asteriopathes'' * ''Distichopathes'' * ''Elatopathes'' * ''Phanopathes'' * ''Pteridopathes'' * ''Rhipidopathes'' * ''Tetrapathes'' Family Cladopathidae * ''Chrysopathes'' Opresko, 2003 * ''Cladopathes'' Brook, 1889 * ''Heliopathes'' Opresko, 2003 * ''Hexapathes'' Kinoshita, 1910 * ''Sibopathes'' van Pesch, 1914 * ''Trissopathes'' Opresko, 2003 Family Leiopathidae * ''Leiopathes'' Haime, 1849 Family Myriopathidae * ''Antipathella'' * ''Apanipathes'' * ''Aphanipates'' * ''Cupressopathes'' * ''Hydradendrium'' * ''Myriopathes'' * ''Plumapathes'' * ''Tanacetipathes'' Family Schizopathidae * ''Abyssopathes'' * ''Bathypathes'' Brook, 1889 * ''Dendrobathypathes'' * ''Dendropathes'' * ''Lillipathes'' * ''Parantipathes'' Brook, 1889 * ''Saropathes'' * ''Stauropathes'' * ''Taxipathes'' * ''Umbellapathes'' Family Stylopathidae * ''Stylopathes'' * ''Triadopathes'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「black coral」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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